Simply put, an AC motor is a device that converts electrical energy from alternating current (with periodic changes in current magnitude and direction over time) into mechanical energy.
You can understand it as an ‘electric motor’ that rotates when powered on, thereby driving other devices to work.
Its core working principle is based on electromagnetic induction.
After AC power enters the stator (fixed part) coil of the motor, a rotating magnetic field will be generated.
This magnetic field will act like an invisible ‘magnetic hand’, driving the rotor (rotating part) to rotate along with it, ultimately converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
AC motors are mainly divided into two categories, each with different purposes:

Synchronous motor: The speed of the rotor is strictly synchronized with the speed of the rotating magnetic field of the stator.
Its rotational speed is very precise and does not vary with the load.
Commonly used for equipment with strict speed requirements, such as large generators and drive sources for precision clocks.
Asynchronous motor (also known as induction motor): The speed of the rotor is slightly slower than the speed of the stator rotating magnetic field, and there is a “slip” between the two.
It has a simple structure, is sturdy and durable, and has low cost, making it the most commonly used type in industry and daily life.
For example, machine tools and cranes in factories, fans and washing machines at home.

A simple comparison with DC motors:
Power supply: AC motors directly use mains power (such as 220V household AC power), while DC motors need to rectify AC power into DC power or use batteries.
Structure: AC motors (especially asynchronous motors) do not have commutators and brushes, making them simpler, more durable, and have lower maintenance costs.
DC motors have electric brushes (excluding brushless DC motors), which are prone to wear and tear.
Speed regulation: AC motor speed regulation is relatively complex and often requires the cooperation of a frequency converter;
DC motor speed regulation is simple and direct.
To sum up, an AC motor is an electric motor that can be turned by connecting it to AC power.
Its biggest advantage is its simple structure, reliability, and durability. It is widely used in industrial production and household appliances, and is one of the most common power sources around us.