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The maintenance quality of air shower smoke exhausters directly determines the stability of their purification efficiency and service life. Most enterprises suffer from premature equipment aging or purification failure due to scattered maintenance work and unclear priorities. A scientific maintenance system should focus on “hierarchical maintenance, periodic implementation, and specialized management of key components”, and formulate targeted plans based on the functional differences of various components. The details are as follows:
Establishing a four-level maintenance system of “daily inspection – weekly maintenance – monthly overhaul – quarterly major repair” is the foundation. Daily inspections are conducted by workshop operators, who check the equipment’s operating sound, indicator light status, and whether there is any peculiar smell at the smoke exhaust port before starting the machine every day, and shut down the machine immediately if any abnormalities are found. Weekly maintenance is undertaken by equipment specialists, focusing on cleaning components prone to dirt accumulation. Monthly overhauls require disassembling key components to check for wear and tear. Quarterly major repairs involve joint comprehensive performance calibration with the equipment manufacturer. This system can realize “early detection of hidden dangers and early handling of faults”. Statistics show that the service life of equipment with the four-level maintenance implemented is more than 30% longer than that of equipment with scattered maintenance, and the fault rate is reduced by 60%.
The filtration system is the core of maintenance, and there are significant differences in maintenance priorities and cycles among different filters. The primary air filter (front-mounted) mainly intercepts large-particle dust and oil fume, which is prone to clogging and resulting in reduced air volume. It needs to be back-blown with compressed air (pressure ≤ 0.3MPa) every day, disassembled and cleaned with neutral detergent every week, and replaced after 1-2 months of use. The HEPA high-efficiency filter is responsible for fine purification and cannot be cleaned. It needs to be monitored by a differential pressure gauge and replaced immediately when the differential pressure is ≥ 250Pa. Under normal working conditions, the replacement cycle is 3-6 months, and it should be shortened to 1-2 months in food workshops with high oil fume concentration. The oil fume separation net is an exclusive component for the food and catering industries. Its surface oil dirt should be wiped every day and soaked in hot alkaline water for cleaning every week to prevent oil dirt from solidifying and blocking the mesh holes, which affects the smoke exhaust efficiency. It should be noted during maintenance that the power must be cut off before replacing the filter, and the sealing rubber strip should be closely attached when installing a new filter to avoid air leakage and purification failure.
The maintenance of the power system (fan, motor) is directly related to the stable operation of the equipment. The fan impeller is prone to accumulate oil fume and dust, so it needs to be disassembled and inspected every month, and cleaned with a soft brush combined with alcohol or neutral detergent. If the impeller is severely fouled, dynamic balance correction is required to prevent vibration and abnormal noise during operation. The motor bearing is a key part prone to wear. High-temperature grease should be added every month (No. N32 grease is selected for motors with a speed ≥ 1450r/min). The bearing wear should be inspected by disassembly every six months, and the bearing should be replaced immediately when the bearing clearance exceeds 0.1mm or there is a stuck feeling during rotation. The motor terminal blocks should be inspected every month, and the wiring screws should be tightened with a screwdriver to prevent poor contact and motor burnout caused by looseness. In addition, the sealing gasket at the connection between the fan air outlet and the smoke pipe is prone to aging, so it should be inspected every quarter and replaced in time if there are cracks or deformation to avoid oil fume leakage.
The maintenance of the electrical control system and structural components cannot be ignored. The control panel buttons and indicator lights should be inspected daily. If the buttons are stuck, the contacts should be wiped with anhydrous alcohol; if the indicator lights are not on, bulbs of the same model should be replaced in time. The contactors and relays in the control box need to have their contacts polished with fine sandpaper every month to remove the oxide layer, and replaced when the contact wear exceeds 0.5mm. The door interlocking device is the core of safety. Its interlocking function should be tested every week. If one side door can be opened when the other side door is open, the position of the door magnetic switch should be adjusted or the travel switch should be replaced. For structural components, the 304 stainless steel shell should be wiped with a damp cloth every day, and disinfected with 75% alcohol every week in pharmaceutical workshops. The nozzles are prone to clogging, so the nozzle holes should be unclogged with a fine needle every day to ensure uniform air outlet. The equipment anchor bolts should be inspected and tightened every month to prevent equipment displacement caused by operating vibration.
During the maintenance process, a detailed account should also be established to record the maintenance time, content, replaced components and operators each time, so as to facilitate the tracing of the equipment operation status. At the same time, maintenance priorities should be adjusted according to industry differences. For example, chemical workshops need to increase anti-corrosion inspections, and test the equipment surface corrosion with pH test paper every month; electronic workshops need to strengthen electrostatic protection, and test the equipment grounding resistance every quarter to ensure it is ≤ 4Ω. In summary, the maintenance of air shower smoke exhausters should abandon the concept of “valuing use over maintenance”. By clarifying responsibilities and cycles through the four-level system and implementing specialized maintenance for filtration, power, electrical and other systems, the purification effect can be guaranteed while maximizing the equipment service life and reducing the comprehensive use cost.
